THE EVOLUTION OF THE US WHEAT INDUSTRY :: essays research papers

The US wheat industry demonstrates how integration across the food chain can raise efficiency. At the beginning of the century, it was much like what India is today. It was fragmented, with a proliferation of small regional markets. There was no standard grading system; each state had its own informal grades. Farmers, although large, were exploited by traders, who often bought wheat at low prices by claiming that it was poor or that demand was weak. The storage, handling, and transport infrastructure was limited. The result was high intermediary margins, a dearth of accurate market signals to producers, waste, and low processing yields. Today, however, the US industry is the benchmark for efficiency in grain processing and procurement. Its farmers produce 36 bushels per acre, one of the highest yields in the world, and its millers achieve flour extraction levels of 75 percent. Its average waste level of 2 percent is the lowest in the world, and well ahead of the 8 to 11 percent in I ndia. Large, integrated grain processors such as Cargill and Archer Daniel Midland (ADM) played a central role in this transformation. They have influenced all parts of the chain – agricultural inputs, agricultural production, procurement, and processing – and in so doing have been able to build profitability in a low-margin business. Agricultural inputs - Cargill has developed high-yielding seed varieties that are resistant to disease and pests, raising productivity and reducing the need for agrochemicals. Agricultural production - Large, integrated processors have established joint ventures with farmers’ cooperatives and provided marketing support, access to credit, and extension services. ADM, for example, works with Growmark, a cooperative of 175,000 farmers, to encourage them to use better seed varieties and improve farming practices. Procurement - Integrated companies have invested in upstream infrastructure to streamline procurement. ADM owns almost 200 grain elevators in which grain is stored according to moisture content, grade, and dockage (impurities). The elevators allow incoming streams of wheat to be blended to achieve uniformity of grade and functional characteristics. ADM also owns almost 1,900 barges, 800 trucks, and 130,000 railcars for the rapid movement of grain. All loading and unloading is done using pneumatic blowers. Investment in infrastructure enables companies like ADM to achieve waste levels as low as 1 to 2 percent. Integrated companies have also influenced grain marketing. They played a key role in the development of grading systems and the standardization of grades in 1916.

Impact of nitrogen and phosphorous inputs on water quality Essay

Both Nitrogen and Phosphorous are necessary in agriculture for a farmer to achieve optimum yields in most crops, they have to use fertilizer which often contains either nitrogen or phosphorous. Despite their importance, these elements in excess can affect the environment adversely. Eutrophication is enhanced when nitrogen and phosphorous are in excess in surface waters and where nitrogen is in excess in ground water. (www. soil. ncsu. edu/) Nitrogen makes up about 78 percent of the gases in the atmosphere. A major constituent of proteins it is abundant in most living things. Nitrogen gas (N2), nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2) and ammonia NH3 are the common forms in which in organic nitrogen exists. Organic nitrogen exists in proteins. (http://kywater. org/). Compounds that contain nitrogen are found in water bodies such as reservoirs, streams and rivers. There are various routes by which nitrogen enters water bodies. These include wastewater (municipal and industrial), animal wastes such as bird wastes and wastes of fish, septic tanks and runoff from fields and lawns that have been fertilized. In certain parts of the United States, especially the northeast, some forms of nitrogen are deposited through acid rain (Baird, 1990). Nitrites are then converted to nitrates by bacteria, a process that uses up oxygen. (http://kywater. org). Surface and subsurface drainage are some of the ways through which nitrogen from fertilizers enter streams. When there is heavy rainfall following surface application of nitrogen fertilizers, most of the nitrogen is lost and even more is lost if the area is sloppy. When the fertilizer is mixed with soil the runoff is decreased. However, the loss of nitrogen becomes substantial when heavy rainfall causes soil erosion and movement of debris. The highly soluble nature of nitrogen makes it be absorbed easily into the soil when it rains heavily. Findings from research studies show that leaching does contribute to the presence of nitrates in groundwater. This however does not cause much contamination since the concentrations of nitrogen do not reach high enough levels. The crop uses up to 50 percent of the applied nitrogen leaving about 30 percent to 50 percent available for leaching. This, from a study done on North Carolina soils leads to leaching to a level of only two feet where there was 3 inches of percolated water (Baird, 1990). Eutrophication is a slow process whereby streams and lakes are enriched with natural nutrients. This process leads to the accelerated ‘aging’ of lakes and reservoirs. Eutrophication generally means excess growth of algae. The growth and decomposition of algae causes depletion of oxygen available in water. Nitrogen has a fertilizing effect in algae and other plankton which are food to other organisms in water such as fish and invertebrates. Overproduction and decomposition of these plankton uses up oxygen, meaning that other oxygen-dependent animals have inadequate oxygen which leads to their death. (http://kywater. org/). In addition to using up oxygen excessively, the overgrowth of algae and other plankton can lead to clogging up of water systems such that water flow is inhibited. This is especially common at points of water intakes. A lot of sea plants also block light from reaching the deeper waters (http://ga. water. usgs. gov/). This has the effect of compromising respiration for aquatic invertebrates and fish, making the death of animals and plant inevitable. High concentrations of nitrites produce a condition called brown blood disease which is fatal to fish. (http://kywater. org/). Eventually diversity of animal and plant life is lost. The death of fish results in offensive odours, and affects the water such that it cannot be used for recreative purposes like swimming, boating and fishing. Mueller and Helsel conducted a study of 12,000 ground water samples and approximately 22,000 samples of surface water at over 300 sites. The samples were collected within NAWQA study units. They report that the concentrations of nutrients in water have a close relationship to how land is used upstream or in the area that overlies a ground water aquifer. According to the analysis there were higher concentrations of nitrates in groundwater than surface water bodies. The regions with the highest concentration were the Northeast, the Great Plains and areas along the West Coast (Mueller and Helsel, 1996). Agricultural areas have a higher likelihood of having water with increased concentrations of nitrates. Research shows that public-supply wells and domestic supply wells outside areas where land is used for agriculture generally have lower concentrations of nitrates compared to wells in agricultural areas. On the other hand, urban areas have higher concentrations of Ammonia and phosphorous in surface water (Mueller and Helsel, 196). For water to be considered safe for domestic water supply, nitrates or nitrite level should be below 10mg/L. (United States Public Health Service). Nitrites undergo a direct reaction with haemoglobin in humans and warm-blooded animals leading to the formation of methemoglobin. This compound leads to decreased ability of red cells to transport oxygen. The most affected by this inability are infants less than three months because the babies develop methemoglobinaemia (blue baby disease. (http://kywater. org/ww/ramp/rmnox. htm). Due to this reason, when nitrates levels exceed 1. 0mg/L, the water should not be used to feed babies. In older people high nitrate levels cause disturbances in the digestion system. (http://kywater. org/). Phosphorous is a naturally occurring element that can be found in rocks and mineral deposits. Phosphate ions are soluble in water and are released when rock undergoes the weathering process. Phosphates have three forms of existence, metaphosphate, orthophosphate and organic phosphate. Orthophosphate is mainly produced by natural processed but there are man-made sources that produce orthophosphate. These include untreated sewage and partially treated sewage, use of certain fertilizers and runoff from sites where the main land use is agriculture. Metaphosphate or polyphosphate are used in treatment of detergents and boiler waters. When in water metaphosphate changes to orthophosphate and it can be used up by plants in this form. Organic phosphate occurs tied to organic material like plant tissue or waste solids. When decomposition occurs organic phosphate is converted to orthophosphate (www. water-research. net/phosphate. htm). Phosphorous is necessary for animal and plant growth and acts as a growth limiting nutrient in lake ecosystems. Well-oxygenated waters have low amounts of phosphates. Phosphate undergoes a complex process of uptake and mineralization to be retained in the soil, unlike the nitrogen cycle which is simpler. Soluble phosphate is incorporated by plants and animals in their biological systems to form compounds like ATP, DNA and RNA. ATP is necessary for energy production via the Kreb’s cycle while DNA and RNA have genetic importance. Phosphorous is therefore necessary for photosynthesis to occur (www. water-research. net/) Phosphates enhance growth of aquatic plants which are the food source for other organisms. Increased production of plankton result in an initial increase in population of fish and the entire biological system of the water body. This however has an adverse effect because as the phosphate levels build-up the process by which the water ecosystem is aging is speeded up leading to an imbalance of nutrients where production begins to exceed consumption. Phosphates like nitrates also cause eutrophication resulting in more plants than can be consumed by the system. The result is anoxic waters, presence of algal blooms that are toxic and a reduction in biodiversity as well as destruction of food supply and habitat. (www. water-research. net) Eutrophication is an issue that compromises water quality and has received much attention since 1980 when there was extensive occurrence of blue-green algae in fresh water systems. These blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) sometimes produce toxins that cause harm to human beings and farm animals. Poor conditions resulting from eutrophication have been noted in eastern North Carolina in the Chowan, Neuse and Pamlico River systems (Baird, 1990). Water that has very high levels of phosphates causes digestive problems to people. The negative effect of high levels of phosphate then is more indirect to humans but has a bigger impact because by altering the environment and destroying habitats the destruction caused is much harder to reverse. A compound like nitrates dissolves in water and moves in water in surface streams and ground water. Most forms of phosphorous, however, are transported together with soil that has undergone erosion especially when runoff is high flowing precipitation and irrigation. This is because instead of dissolving they attach themselves to soil particles. As such phosphorous is more likely to contaminate surface water rather than ground water (USGS, Circular1225, 2007). Findings from a USGS report indicate that phosphorous has a greater effect in causing eutrophication with 0.1mg/L of phosphorous being sufficient to cause excessive growth of aquatic plants (USGS, Circular 1225, 2007). In urban areas, the most significant point sources are urban streams which have discharged from wastewater treatment plants. A report of the US Geological service indicates that the streams in the semiarid western and south-western cities coupled with those in urban areas on the East had high levels of phosphorous (USGS, Circular1225). Recent research shows that phosphorous can travel with ground-water flows. The study was conducted in Cape Cod, Massachusetts where there has been contamination of the groundwater with phosphorous, an unlikely thing since most scientists generally believe that phosphorous is not transferable via groundwater (McCob et al, 2003; Stollenwerk, 1996). The main factors influencing vulnerability to contamination are the type of soils and slope of land. These two factors determine how fast and how much runoff there will be. Areas with steep slopes, poorly drained clay soils and little vegetation have higher likelihood of contamination of their surface waters. In urban centres, pavements and drains made of tile cause acceleration of flow of streams. Ground water on the other hand has a high chance of contamination if the soils drain well and the subsurface material is highly permeable. Some practices of crop-management designed to decrease sediment flow may increase infiltration leading to greater contamination of groundwater (USGS, Circular, 1225). To reduce the impact of phosphorous and nitrogen in water quality, strategies need to be employed that reduce the use of chemicals and alter transportation of the hydrologic system (USGS). In planning these strategies consideration of watersheds, patterns of land use and the differences in vulnerability to contamination in various areas should be foremost to ensure that whatever interventions are put in place are effective. References Baird J (1990) Nitrogen management and water quality retrieved from www. soil. ncsu. edu/publications/soilfacts/AG-439-02 Harvard, Olson and Cooke, 1999, Impact of soil phosphorous loading on Water Quality in Alberta, Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development. McCob T D, Leblanc DR, Watter DA, Hess KN Kent DB and Smith RL 2003, Phosphorous in a Ground-water contaminant Plume Discharging to Ashumet Pond, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 1999: US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4306, 70p Mueller D K and Helser D R, Nutrients in the Nation’s water-Too much of a Good Thing? National Water-Quality Assessment Program USGS, retrieved from http://water. usgs. gov/nawqa/CIRC-1136. html National findings and their implications for water policies and strategies, USGS, Circular 1225, retrieved from http://pubs.usgs. gov/circ/circ1225/html/nawqafind. htm/. Nitrogen and water quality retrieved from http://kywater. org/ww/ramp/rmnox-htm Stollenwerk K-G 1996, Simulation of phosphate transport in sewage-contaminated groundwater, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, Applied Geochemistry, V. 11. no 1-2 pp 317-324 The effects of urbanization and agriculture on water quality: Nitrogen retrieved from http://ga. water. usgs. gov/edu/urbannitrogen. html Total phosphorous and Phosphate impact in surface waters Wilkes University, Environmental. Engineering and Earth Science retrieved from www.water. research. net/phosphate. htm Water-quality patterns in agricultural areas, USGS, Circular 1225 retrieved from http://pubs. usgs. gov/circ/circ1225/html/wq-agri. htm/ Water-quality patterns in urban areas, United States Geological Society, retrieved from http://pubs. usgs. gov/circ/circ1225/html/wq-urban. htm/ Water-quality patterns in areas with mixed hand use and a range of hydrologic and environmental settings, USGS, Circular 1225 retrieved from http://pubs. usgs. gov/circ/circ1225/html/wq-hydro. htm/.

2. Understand the factors that influence children and...

Understand Child and Young Person Development 2. Understand the factors that influence children and young people’s development and how these affect practice. 2.1 Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of personal factors. Personal factors are those which are part of the genetic make-up of a child (nature, not nurture). As such, they cannot be changed, although their influence upon development can be addressed to give children the best possible chance to achieve their potential. Personal factors influencing development include: †¢ Health status: From common colds to serious illness, a child’s health status will impact upon their development in some way. Frequent colds or other mild illness, for†¦show more content†¦These children will need additional support in order to maximise their potential in class. A dyslexic child will struggle more than her peers to acquire confidence in reading and writing, which can affect other areas of cognitive development. Her confidence may also suffer, and she may suffer frustration and anger at not being able to do what her peers can do with ease (read a sentence; differentiate between b and d). Whilst considering the effects of personal factors on child development it is worth mentioning that some factors may influence development in an advantageous way. For example, a dyslexic child may be able to think more creatively about certain types of problem solving, or they may be very artistic. This can have a positive influence on social and emotional devel opment. Every child is an individual and the better that personal and external influences on development are understood, the better that child can be supported as she grows, learns and develops. †¢ Genetic inheritance: A child not only inherits physical attributes from his parents, but also character traits such as sensitivity or gregariousness. Both will influence his development, along with other personal and external factors. For example, a child who inherits long limbs from his parents may develop physically at a different rate than his peers. He may be more prone to growing pains, which may affect him emotionally and he may look older than his real age which can causeShow MoreRelatedSSD2 Module 4 Notes Essay28478 Words   |  114 Pagesï » ¿MODULE 04 Cross-Cultural Competency Culture Culture is the pattern of action and the ways of perceiving, feeling, and thinking acquired growing up in a particular group of people Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism is the attitude held by the members of a culture that theirs is the only true, right, and best way to view and act in the world. Cultural relativism Cultural relativism is the idea that human behavior, ideas, and emotions must be understood in the context of the whole culture in which they occur

Mermaids Are Merely Myths - 1361 Words

Mermaids are Merely Myths It is not rare to see mermaids depicted in forms of entertainment, it is quite common for the 21st century because it keeps people curious. Mermaids have been talked about since the 9th century and have certainly not lost the interest to the public eye. Mermaids are mythical creatures that have been argued to be real for centuries and have been portrayed in modern works such as movies, TV shows, and paintings. The early 1600s struck uproar and rumors about the half fish half human creature. Sailors would come back from long journeys talking about a beautiful maiden who had a scaling tale in the place of legs (â€Å"Radford†). The reason mermaids are an interesting topic is because they played a big part in Greek†¦show more content†¦The whole basis of mythology goes back to water and mythical creatures that mortals would never be able to discover. Delving into books about Greek and Syrian mythology, some form of dominance over water would be found. The formation of me rmaids in mythology revolves around goddess Atargatis who dove into the water to become a fish. However the magic in the lake would not allow her to give up her great beauty and only turned half of her body into a fish (â€Å"Radford†). The stories changed over time and eventually this story got blended in with Aphrodite and the birth of the astrological sign, Pisces. Eventually mythology was the basis of The Odyssey by Homer. Mermaids are very popular in modern culture. This includes popular movies and TV shows that young kids are watching. Some examples would be The Little Mermaid, Aquamarine, The Thirteenth Year, H20, and Peter Pan. All of the movies listed are directed towards a young audience. These movies have been watched by young children who experience the concept of mermaids very early in their lives. Mermaids have positive influences on children but some parents would disagree. One parent says â€Å"I regret the day I let my daughter watch The Little Mermaid†.(â€Å"I Regret the Day†) Her reasoning behind this statement is because her daughter became unhealthily obsessed with Ariel. The mother says she’s uncomfortable watching her two year old talk about marriage and finding

White Collar Crime at JP Morgan Chase Essay - 1300 Words

Corporate crime has become increasingly common over the past couple of decades. It seems that every big corporation today has some type of dark side. With the constant trials against corporate officials it seems that many high profile companies can no longer be trusted. We can no longer look at our banks the same either; JPMorgan Chase in the recent two years can be added to corporate crime list. They have committed crimes against its costumers and the government by rigging their bids for investments for years, improper home insurance rates, and overcharging military veterns. From this they stole millions of dollars to put in their pockets. What makes this case interesting is that Chase is one of the top banks in this country. Millions of†¦show more content†¦It was also similar to the Golden Sachs allegations. Evidence found against them was e-mails from different representatives saying; â€Å"We all know [Magnetar] wants to print as many deals as possible before everythin g completely falls apart (3).† There was no heavy amount of punishment given to Chase executives. They had to pay of about 211 million insuring the investors will get their money back. However, this payment didn’t significantly impact the company since back in 2007 they lost $900 million in a deal gone wrong. The only person to really get the blame was Edward S. Steffelin the companies’ advisor, â€Å"was charged with civil securities fraud in the case (3).† For the rest of JP Morgan Chase they claim to have no knowledge of this and they do not, tolerate anticompetitive activity (3).† Earlier this January, JP Morgan was suspected of committing home insurance fraud along with a few other major banks. They are being accused of steering, â€Å"distressed homeowners into insurance policies up to 10 times as costly as the homeowners original plan.† The banks themselves proved there to be a â€Å"conflict of interest (5)† offered these polic ies. One example of this crime was a customer of state farm began their insurance paymentsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Documentary Inside Job 1576 Words   |  7 Pagesthe white-collar crimes they had done before and during the economic crisis of 2008. Later, within some years of the released of â€Å"Inside Job†, the Federal Bureau of Investigation began a criminal investigation for the largest bank in the nation, JP Morgan Chase, which lost at least $2 billion in the risky results of trading stocks and investments from innocent citizens. A very important white-collar crime analyst and Professor of the University of Missouri-Kansas William Black believed that JP Morgan’sRead MoreWhite Collar Crime Report : Red Collar Crimes1585 Words   |  7 PagesSabine Louis-Jacques - 1554763 White Collar Crimes – 0613-380-001 Summer 2013 (Incomplete Course) Essay #2: White Collar Crime Report Periodically, business magazines like Fortune, Forbes, the economist, International—among others, publishes the results of surveys, ranking big corporations by sales, assets, profits and market share. The purpose of these surveys is to identify and celebrate the most profitable corporations. Our era is best known for its booming markets and profits, but it is alsoRead MoreThe most controversial case of fraud in history left more questions than answers. Bernard Madoff,1800 Words   |  8 Pagesthat originated his company, which guaranteed a gain of 8%. Adding to its credibility built for years between millionaires and investment banking. 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This scheme lasted longer than any other white collar crime in history and along the way ruined countless individuals and organizations. â€Å"The Madoff Ponzi scheme has changed the rules of trust that governed the money game.† Unlike other similar schemes, Madoff’s Ponzi scheme also scammed wealthy andRead MoreSEC v. Goldman Sachs3375 Words   |  14 Pagesas Fabrice Tourre, who had found the proper loopholes made substantial money off the backs of others.17 Mr. Paulson is not named in the suit. In time, it would come to fruition that this practice was not isolated.18 Bank of America, AIG, JP Morgan Chase, and Lehman Brothers are just a few of the other financial institutions involved in the same deceptive trade practices.19 Interestingly, none of the executives or employees of these massive banks are in prison for securities fraud; all of themRead MoreEnron Scandal9449 Words   |  38 Pagesmethod for Chewco and JEDI. This disqualification revealed that Enron s reported earnings from 1997 to mid-2001 would need to be reduced by $405 million and that the company s indebtedness would increase by $628 million.[30] Whitewing[edit] The White-winged Dove is native to Texas, and was also the name of a special purpose entity used as a financing method by Enron.[31] In December 1997, with funding of $579 million provided by Enron and $500 million by an outside investor, Whitewing AssociatesRead MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 Pagesreinvested it in key growth areas such as Emerging Markets, Vaccines and Consumer Healthcare. 2010 reported sales for these businesses were up 22%, 15% and 5% respectively. This is helping to reduce GSK’s dependency on sales of products generated in ‘white pills/western markets’† . Sales from these markets and products have decreased from 40% in 2007, to 25% in 2010. Over time, this should help to reduce the adverse impact of patent expirations on the Group. Delivering diversiï ¬ ed underlying sales growth

Utilizing Resources for Research and Writing free essay sample

My conference with Sandra Riggs was extremely helpful, as it introduced me o the ASTOR database. She gave me an online tour of the database, teaching me how to search for scholarly articles and research needed for upcoming papers. She was experienced with and knowledgeable of the database and taught me how to get the stable URL, as well as search for key words or phrases. Along with Sandra Riggs, the library was also valuable because was able to checkout writing handbooks for both MEAL and PAP styles. Overall, I felt that my session with Sandra Riggs was a positive influence on my career as a writer.I didnt find the Writing Center, however, to be as useful. My meetings there consisted of student tutors reviewing my papers and giving very little feedback. During one Writing Center session I didnt even speak to a tutor. The tutor on that particular day merely asked for my paper, signed it, and returned it to me. We will write a custom essay sample on Utilizing Resources for Research and Writing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Overall, I didnt gain any more knowledge of writing from the Writing Center. If the tutors at the Writing Center were more interested and motivated to help the students that go there, I feel it would be a much stronger and helpful resource.Although the workers at the Writing Center arent very beneficial, often use the computers in the center and find them to be an immense help. The resource that has had the greatest impact on my writing this semester has been the internet; particularly the ASTOR database. Without this database of over 165,000 journals, wouldnt have been able to find the scholarly articles and research required for papers 2-4. This database is one that I will take with me and use throughout the rest of my college career. The sources obtained through ASTOR are both reliable and easily accessible, unlike other be resources such as Wisped. The writing and researching techniques/ methods that Ive learned will not only benefit me for the remainder of my time at Campbellsport University, but beyond college and throughout the rest of my life. Strong writing abilities will help me throughout college and in my future career. Strong writing will, ultimately, benefit my life because it is the foundation behind reading, speech and communication. I feel that this semester and the resources that Ive gained have made me both a better writer and student.

Criminology & Criminal Justice Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about Criminology. Answer: Introduction Studying Criminology provide Criminologists the opportunity to test hypotheses on criminals intensions and applicable punishments. Some of the general crime-fighting procedures and tactics were started as experiments which were projected by criminologists considered to check what could be the most effective crime diminishing method. According to my opinion, the field of criminology offers distinctive and thrilling opportunities to establish career. Criminology is the combination of studies like sociology, psychology, as well as criminal justice that results in a unique experience of educational and career. Those who wish to do a Master of Science in Criminology are always prepared with all the resources and ways to facilitate combating present days criminal activities. Every now and then, specialists of Criminology work in an unsung manner and scrutinize the causes and effects of every crime along with examining criminal behaviors. These individuals try to bridge the gap by finding and inspecting clues and work religiously to find out the culprit by the means of their criminological expertise. They also work to support law enforcement and the criminal justice industry by utilizing their solution-finding skills and anticipation measures. Following are the probable career opportunities that are closely associated with Criminology: Criminal Profiler Criminologist Loss Prevention Manager Fraud Specialist Field Investigator Forensic Psychologist Correctional Counselor Policy Analyst Senior Probation and Parole Officer Paralegal Criminal Investigator Intelligence Analyst According to my perspective, following are the reasons why one should go ahead and start a successful career in criminology Career Opportunities It is highly expensive to pursue career options with a Criminology degree. Irrespective of an individuals interests and background, the person will find ample prospects to build his/her career in Criminology and Criminal Justice. The best part in getting a Criminology degree is that whatever basics they learn during the education program, they get the chance to utilize that knowledge once they start working in this field. One can find above listed job profiles in local, state as well as federal law enforcement, government correction facilities, intelligence agencies, the judicial system to address a few. Often, Criminologists get placed from any of the mentioned threefold areas: as a guide (to govern and resolute conflicts), assessing human behavior in various establishments, and to help curtailing cybercrime and cyber-terrorism. Exponential expansion in professional network Individuals that pursue a degree in criminology, from the very beginning they work and interact with top faculty very closely. The interaction may also include conversation and working with professionals that have years of experience in the field of Criminology working for top agencies and governments. Students get a chance to work very closely with the faculty and they also assist these students to achieve success in the academic program. Students find themselves with easy access to opportunities for doing internship and practical experience that helps them complementing their educational program. Financial Growth An educated professional who belongs from this industry generally expects higher remuneration rather than average salaries. Alike other industries and work fields, wages differ in the field of criminology. However, as per the Bureau Labor of Statistics, for sociology career prospects like psychotherapy, forensic psychology and juvenile workers, the year 2012 median disbursement was yearly $59,970. For law enforcement employees such as detectives and forensic specialists, the average pay was yearly $74,300 as of the year 2012. Opportunity to gain experience in a very prompt way If an individual is looking to switch his/her current job, a degree in criminology has the potential to quicken the process of acquiring a new job that will help you to build your career. Their experience of working with advanced technology and experienced staff will provide them all the required resources for quick learning, real-world application teachings, and assist you for preparing his/her criminology career. The criminology faculty is comprised with modern and/or ex-practitioners and researchers who stay updated with their teaching process and offer proficient information in their respective fields. within a very short period of time, the student will be able to pursue the career in criminology, in spite of their educational and professional backfground. A total unique professional life If an individual is seeking a career that is full of excitement and always motivating, a career in criminology is the best and apt choice. As an example, a typical day of a forensic investigator may include investigating a crime scene, working with law authorities at the crime location, or even examining evidence in the clinical laboratory. Likewise, a cybercrime analyst uses data mining to pull out data from web related crimes, like identity theft, data breach or assist building programs for the purpose of defending online safety. Being a Criminology major student, I once had an opportunity to visit a crime scene. The incident was related to a murder near my locality. A lady along with her baby boy was straggled in this case. I saw how the well known criminologist, Mr. Thomas Dobson and his assistant, Lewis Hadley investigated the crime scene. They took several photographs of the victims, they collected some probable clues related to the murder. They also collected samples of fingerprints obtains from various objects kept in the crime scene. I knew Mr. Dobson as one of my university guest faculties. He only asked me to visit the scene along with him. This way I had a chance to have a real time understanding of the investigation process. Eventually after 27 days of the gruesome murder, the culprit was arrested by police from a distant location. It was really a great experience of mine to learn the investigation process from one of the industry maven. Conclusion The drive behind the field of criminology and criminal justice is entirely motivated by the aspiration of helping people as well as their communities. Pursuing a criminology career lets one to have a feeling of being closely-connected with the community and empowered to aid others. Irrespective of working in public strategy or on a crime scene, the individual will stay lively in their respective communities and will try to work hard to prevent any crime from occurring, at the same time as assisting others. In a nutshell, a Master's Degree in Criminology provides individuals the prospect to affect criminal activities in an optimistic manner. Bibliography: Albanese, J. (Ed.). (2014). Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice (Volume 1-5). DeMichele, M. (2014). Studying the community corrections field: Applying neo-institutional theories to a hidden element of mass social control.Theoretical Criminology,18(4), 546-564. McGloin, J. M., Nguyen, H. (2013). The importance of studying co-offending networks for criminological theory and policy.Crime and networks, 13-27. Morizot, J. and Kazemian, L., (2014). The Development of Criminal and Antisocial Behavior. Springer. Newburn, T. (2017). Criminology. Routledge. Siegel, L. J. (2016). Criminology: the core. Cengage Learning. Valverde, M. (2014). Studying the governance of crime and security: Space, time and jurisdiction 1. Criminology Criminal Justice, 14(4), 379-391.